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 What is it? Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a type of arthritis that affects multiple joints of the body. It is considered an autoimmune arthritis, meaning that our own body attacks cells in the joints to cause inflammation and, if left untreated, permanent damage from loss of cartilage and bone changes. The most common joints affected by RA are the wrists and the small joints of the hand and fingers.
Symptoms Pain, swelling and stiffness of multiple joints is the hallmark of the disease. If the disease is not treated appropriately, there can be permanent deformity in the affected joints. Swelling of the joints separates RA from osteoarthritis (age-related arthritis). Morning stiffness is very common with RA. A sudden increase in symptoms is referred to as a “flare.” RA can also affect other areas of the body aside from joints. Joint pain in addition to fatigue, weight loss, and fevers would suggest RA. It can cause damage to the heart, lungs, eyes, skin and nervous system.
Sports Medicine Evaluation A sports medicine physician will obtain a detailed history about symptoms. They will examine the joints that are painful, looking for signs of swelling and inflammation, though these signs may not be present in the early stages of the disease. The physician will likely order blood work to help confirm or rule out the diagnosis. They may also obtain x-rays of the joints involved to help with further evaluation.
Treatment Short-term treatment options include anti-inflammatory medications such as ibuprofen or naproxen. Oral corticosteroids may also be used short-term. The most effective treatments are referred to as DMARDs (disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs), with the most common drug being methotrexate. These DMARDs are most often prescribed by a rheumatologist, and a sports medicine physician can refer the patient to one of these specialists to help with management.
Injury Prevention Unfortunately, RA is not something that is preventable, as there is a genetic component involved. The goal is to make the diagnosis early and to get on the appropriate medications to help avoid permanent joint damage. Low-impact activities such as swimming any cycling will put less stress on joints. A long warm-up and gradual cool down can also be beneficial.
Return to Play Patients diagnosed with RA can still participate in sporting activities. Pain and swelling, especially during a flare, may make physical activity difficult, and rest is often indicated during these periods. AMSSM Member Authors References Category: Hand and Wrist, [Back] |
